Monday, December 30, 2019

Breastfeeding Research For Infant Feeding Decision Making

Breastfeeding research is primarily focused on outcomes, such as: conclusions of health for mothers and babies, measuring terms of success standards within the breastfeeding dyad of exclusivity or duration, identifying groups who have more success with breastfeeding intention. However the current literature does not thoroughly explain why women choose to breastfeed or choose not to breastfeed, and the point in time in which they decide. This chapter proposes that the methodological framework that would best support viewing such a wide range of data across many disciplines is crystallization, which helps present findings in a multifaceted and innovative way without losing possible outliers. This methodology allows for the inclusive of both positivism and interpretivism research with creative outcomes and solutions. Further, while the overriding aim of this research is to define the variables associated with infant feeding decision making, there is an opportunity to use this information to support breastfeeding research, interventions, education, and ultimately individual satisfaction with personal decisions. Thus, first we will explore the way data was collected for review within this project, and the participants being studied, using what types of instrumentation. In this way we can fully discuss crystallization methodology as a way to analyze the given research. There are precedents for mixed method studies and crystallization in breastfeeding research as well asShow MoreRelatedBreastfeeding VS Formula Bottle-feeding Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pages Breastfeeding vs. Formula Bottle-feeding Every mother of a newborn baby must make a very personal decision when it comes to how they are going to feed their infant. I was faced with that decision 3 years ago when I had my first son who I named Ethen. It was one of the very hardest decisions I had to make. I had to consider all the good benefits of breast feeding as well as the benefits of formula bottle-feeding, but the good benefits of breastfeeding outnumbered the bottle feeding ones. I finallyRead MoreBreastfeeding Intention, Motivation And Initiation Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesBreastfeeding Intention, Motivation and Initiation The small amount of breastfeeding intention research that exists focuses heavily on populations considered at risk, referring to those in economically disadvantaged areas or lower wage earners with lower educational backgrounds, often with lower maternal age and worse outcomes in the birth process (Cabieses et al., 2014; Declercq et al., 2014; Holbrook et al., 2013; Li et al., 2005: McInnes et al., 2001; Shaker et al., 2004). These studies show thatRead MoreA Research Study On Nursing Practice1604 Words   |  7 Pagesbest possible outcomes. Many nursing practices are implemented into daily care only after research studies have been conducted. The evidence provided from these studies helps the population make informed choices and allows nurses to recommend practices that are most beneficial to the patient. One such debate is still very common and includes new mothers and their decision to breastfeed or formula feed their infant. Many opinions have been thrown around when it comes to this debate, especially in regardsRead MoreProposal: to Increase Breastfeeding Rates in New York1583 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Budgeting Professor Lynch Spring 2009 Proposal to: Increase Breastfeeding Rates in New York Introduction In a time when overwhelming research shows that human milk is superior to any sort of manufactured human milk substitute, with great economic benefits for breastfeeding families, the health care system, and society in general, breastfeeding is no longer seen as just an individual choice, but as a public health challenge that deserves more publicity to create supportive systems and environmentsRead MoreBreastfeeding : Breastfeeding And Breastfeeding1309 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is breastfeeding? What is the benefit of breastfeeding? These are vital questions to be answered when one wants to pursue breastfeeding with their child. Breastfeeding by definition is â€Å"the method of feeding a baby with milk directly from the mother s breast†. (http://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/breastfeeding) Breastfeeding offers many benefits to a baby. Breast milk is also an inimitable nutritional source that cannot adequately be replaced by any other food, including infantRea d MoreA Research Study On Infant Feeding Practices1552 Words   |  7 PagesBreastfeeding may be natural by evolutionary standards, but it is not always simple. As a researcher with particular interests in human breast milk and infant growth and development, I often receive questions from friends and family about the infamous breastfeeding versus formula debate. The physiological intercommunication between mother and offspring has always fascinated me, especially the fluctuations in breast milk composition over time. The type of food an infant is â€Å"supposed to† intake – breastRead MoreBenefits Of Breastfeeding For Mothers1139 Words   |  5 PagesSummary Breastfeeding is the way of feeding a baby with milk from mother’s breast. There are many benefits of breastfeeding for mothers especially. There is an emotional and physical attachment of mother with the baby. Breastfeeding also helps in minimizing the rates of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, diabetes, arthritis and high blood pressure (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2011). One of the main social conditions, which greatly affect breastfeeding, is socio-economic status of women. Women livingRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Breastfeeding And Bottle Parenting1723 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most difficult decisions a mother has to make after having a baby is how the baby will be fed. Society has begun to manipulate mothers when making their decision by making formula so easy to use, leaving the option to breastfeed almost taboo in nature. According to her article, â€Å"Breast is Best? Reasons Why Mothers Decide to Breastfeed or Bottlefeed Their Babies and Factors Influencing the Duration of Breastfeeding,† Seaneen Sloan, a lecturer at University College Dublin, et al. write â€Å"moreRead MoreArgumentative Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pages| Breastfeeding is better for your baby | Argumentative Essay | | | Islas, R. Argumentative essay Among the many decision a woman faces when she is pregnant, is whether or not she will breastfeed her child. In our society and in this day and age, this has become a matter of choice as opposed to long ago where formula was nonexistent and the only means of nurturing your baby was to breastfeed. Many women are oblivious to the health risks their baby may endure having not being breastfedRead MoreEssay about Feeding formula to babies versus Breastfeeding1139 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many misconceptions today about feeding formula to babies and it being equal to breastfeeding. Breast milk is complex and species-specific; it targets growth and development of infants and provides disease protection. Both breast milk and formulas contain similar nutrients, but formulas are not an exact copy of breast milk. Formula may maintain growth and development, but it doesn’t contain hormones, live cells, immunologic agents, or enzymes, all of which are contained in breast milk.

Sunday, December 22, 2019

The Bill Of Rights Creation And Reconstruction - 1404 Words

In his book titled The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction, Akhil Amar tries to offer the interpretation of the Bill Rights by evoking the world of framers of the constitution and that of the people who amended the constitution. According to Amar, there are numerous differences about the original bill of rights as they were originally framed and those that are contained in the Fourteenth Amendment of 1868. Amar tries to construct a theory of Bill of Rights that is comprehensive by focusing on the implications that are drawn from constitutional text as well as its structure. Amar points out, â€Å"The main goal of the Federalists was to forge set of the federally enforceable rights which were against the abusive state governments and this resulted to Fourteenth Amendment† (4). The book tries to explain the first 10 amendments by interpreting them and offering the new insights. This essay focuses on discussing the differences between the Founding Fathers Bill of Rights and the Reconstruction Amendments as it argued by Amar. The original First Amendment was passed in 1789 and they were not ratified. However, these laws failed to address the individual rights and they focused more on the structural issues of the political power. According to Amar, the First Amendment focused more on the states’ rights. For instance, it contained a clause that called the Establishment clause, which prohibited the Congress from interfering with churches, which existed in six states. In thisShow MoreRelatedTurning Points in History 1900s1080 Words   |  5 Pageswhich started in Sacramento. The Union Pacific laid 1,087 miles of track, which began in Omaha. In Promontory Summit, Utah these lines were joined together. (The First Transcontinental Railroad. , n.d.) The creation of the Transcontinental Railroad allowed for intercontinental trade. The creation of the railroad now allows for us to have coast to coast rail trips. This allows for more jobs. Because of the railroad it takes less fuel than it would in a tractor and trailer to transfer supplies fromRead MoreEssay on Reconstruction598 Words   |  3 Pageshad been burnt, rail road tracks uprooted, cotton gins wrecked, and the earth scorched in many sections of the defeated land. The nations next task was to rebuild the ruined South and the governments plan to do this is known as Reconstruction. In the South Reconstruction meant rebuilding the economy, establishing new state and local governments and establishing a new social structure between whites and blacks. During the war Lincoln had expanded his presidency. With his power he hoped to set upRead More Characteristics and Impacts of American Reconstruction Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesCharacteristics and Impacts of American Reconstruction The key goals of Reconstruction were to readmit the South into the Union and to define the status of freedmen in American society. The Reconstruction era was marked by political, not violent, conflict. Some historical myths are that the South was victimized by Reconstruction, and that the various plans of Reconstruction were corrupt and unjust. Actually, the plans were quite lenient, enforcing military rule for only a short periodRead MoreConstitutions Are More Than Fancy Looking Words On An Old Sheet Of Paper1477 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowed by sixteen articles divided into subsections. The material in the document can be broadly described as â€Å"details of policy and governmental organization† (Newell et al. 46). Article One of the Texas Constitution contains a Bill of Rights containing thirty rights (Newell et al. 48). Suffrage is another topic addressed in the Texas Constitution. Many of the rules set forth in the original 1876 Texas Constitution concerning suffra ge became out-dated and were later amended (Newell et al. 53).Read MoreThe American Civil War helped to save the nation by rejoining Union Confederate and as result of800 Words   |  4 Pagesdeclared freed men. However, during the American Reconstruction, the lack of political unity was still very apparent as the South saw Reconstruction as being defeated humiliatingly and thus sought vengeance through the slaves it had lose. Although many slaves did receive their freedom, Reconstruction caused an increase in the white supremacy groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and laws such black codes/ Jim Crow laws/ sharecropping, which limited the rights freed slaves had. This unfortunately caused manyRead MoreAfrican Americans And African American Equality883 Words   |  4 Pagesthan ever for African Americans in the year 1865; Union victory, emancipation, the right to vote, education and opportunity were on the horizon. However, the post-civil war time period proved to be much different tha n anticipated. Although blacks were eager to demonstrate their democratic participation and inclusion, they were often faced with opposition and disenfranchisement, especially during and after reconstruction. This oscillating and contradictory battle for African American equality is seenRead MoreHow Did The Radical Republican s Rise For The Failure Of The Post Civil War Reconstruction?1619 Words   |  7 Pageswar reconstruction? The time between 1863, when Lincoln passed the ten percent act, until the year 1877, when reconstruction was officially ended, will be evaluated with information provided by the sources. The investigation will specifically look to how the Lincoln assassination allowed for the rise in the Radical Republican Party from 1866 to 1868 and the party’s effect on reconstruction acts leading to the failure of the post-civil war reconstruction era. Eric Foner’s novel Reconstruction: AmericaRead MoreU.S. History 1865 to 1945 Worksheet Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pages1. Era of Reconstruction Matrix While completing the Matrix, contrast presidential reconstruction plans with congressional reconstruction. Note key people, major dates, policies, and outcomes for the New South. If necessary, additional rows may be added to the matrix. Plan Key People Dates Policies Outcomes Lincoln’s 10%Plan Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson Congress General William Tecumseh Sherman John Wilkes Booth 1860-1864 Wade-Dave Bill The freeman’sRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1438 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 13th amendment was passed and the American Civil War had officially ended, the Reconstruction era began. During this era, blacks had begun to feel what it was like to be free, but it did not last for long. Despite the 13th amendment passing, the black community was still heavily discriminated against in the south. This discrimination (and destruction of the southern way of life) eventually led to the creation of â€Å"Black Codes† and â€Å"Jim Crow Laws†. In 1865, not long after the passing of the 13thRead MoreAndrew Jackson ´s Dangerous Reconstruction1261 Words   |  6 PagesJohnson’s job to reconstruct the south around this fact. Andrew Johnson’s presidential reconstruction was an important part of post civil war, but his actions, beliefs and circumstances directly and purposefully repressed the development of civil rights for newly freed African American’s! Andrew Johnson desire to have an easy fast restoration to union to his southern counterparts further hurt the chances of civil rights for African Americans to be established. It was 1865 and these African Americans had

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Personal Selling Free Essays

Personal Selling, relationship building and sales management Personal selling, unlike advertising or sale promotion, involves direct relationships between the seller and the prospect or customer. In a forma sense, personal selling can be defined as a two-way flow of communication between a potential buyer and a salesperson that is designed to accomplish at least three tasks: (1) identify the potential buyer’s needs; (2) match those needs to one or more of the firm’s products or services; (3) on the basis of this match, convince the buyer to purchase the product. Finally, it is a complex communication process, one still not fully understood by marketers. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Selling or any similar topic only for you Order Now Importance of personal selling The importance of the personal selling function depends partially on the nature of the product. As a general rule, goods that are new and different, technically complex or expensive require more personal selling effort. The salesperson plays a key role in providing the consumer with information about such products to reduce the risks involved in purchase and use. Insurance, for example, is a complex and technical product that often needs significant amounts of personal selling. It is important to remember that for many companies the salesperson represents the customer’s main link to the firm. In fact, the salesperson is the company. Therefore it is imperative that the company take advantage of this unique link. Through the efforts of the successful salesperson, a company can build relationships with customers that continue long. Personal selling is an integral of the marketing system, fulfilling two vital duties: one for customers and one for companies. Lacking relevant information, customers are likely to make poor buying decisions. For example: Doctors would have difficulty finding out about new drugs and procedures were it not for pharmaceutical salespeople. Second, salespeople act as a source of marketing intelligence for management. Marketing success depends on satisfying customers needs. If present products don’t fulfill customer needs then profitable opportunities may exist for new or improved products. If problems with a company’s products exist, then management must be quickly apprised of the fact. In either situation, salespeople are in the best position to act as the intermediary through which valuable information can be passed back and forth between product providers and buyers. The sales process Personal selling is as much an art as it is a science. The word art is used to describe that portion of the selling process that is highly creative in nature and difficult to explain. Before management selects and trains salespeople, it should have an understanding of the sales process. Obviously, the sales process will differ according to the size of the company, the nature of the product, the market and so forth. Sales objectives: 1. Information provision: Especially in case of new products or customers, the salesperson needs to fully explain all attributes of the product or service, answer any questions and probe for additional questions. 2. Persuasion. Once the initial product or service information is provided, the salesperson needs to focus on the following objectives: – Clearly distinguish attributes of the firm’s products or services from those of competitors. – Maximize the number of sales as a percent of presentations. Convert undecided customers into first-time buyers. – Convert first-time customers into repeat purchasers. – Sell additional or complementary items to repeat customers. – Tend to the needs of dissatisfied customers. 3. After-sake service. Whether the sale represents a first-time or repeat purchase, the salesperson needs to ensure the following objectives are met: – Delivery or installation of the product or service that m eets or exceeds customer expectations. – Immediate follow-up calls and visits to address unresolved or new concerns. Reassurance of products or service super priority through demonstrable actions. The Sales Relationship-Building process For many years the traditional approach to selling emphasized the first-time sale of a product or service as the culmination of the sales process. Marketing concept and accompanying approach to personal selling view the initial sale as merely the first step in a long-term relationship-building process, not as the end goal. The relationship-building process which is designed to meet the objectives contains six sequential stages. These stages are (1) prospecting, (2) planning the sales call, (3) presentation, (4) responding to objections, (5) obtaining commitment/closing the sale and (6) building a long-term relationship. When a buyer and a salesperson have a close personal relationship, they both begin to rely on each other and communicate honestly. When each has a problem, they work together to solve it. Such market relationships are known as functional relationships. A person may have such a relationship with along-term medical or dental practitioner or hair-cutter. When organizations move beyond functional relationships, they develop strategic partnerships or strategic alliances. These are long-term, formal relationships in which both parties make significant commitments and investments in each other in order to pursue mutual goals and to improve the profitability of each other. Marketing managers and sales managers must make some very important decisions regarding how the sales fore should be organized. Most companies organize their sales efforts either by geography, product or customer. There are two obvious reasons why it is critical that the sales force be properly controlled. First, personal selling can be the largest marketing expense component in the final price of the product. Second, unless the sales force is somehow directed, motivated and audited on continual basis, it is likely to be less efficient than it is capable of being. Controlling the sales force involves four key functions: (1) forecasting sales; (2) establishing sales territories and quotas, (3) analyzing expenses and (4) motivating and compensating performance. Conclusion We attempted to outline and explain the personal selling aspect of the promotion mix. An emphasis was placed on describing the importance of the relationship-building aspect of the personal selling process. For organizations that wish to continue to grow and prosper, personal selling plays an integral part in the marketing of products and services. As long as production continues to expand through the development of new and highly technical products, personal selling will continue to be an important part of marketing strategy. How to cite Personal Selling, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Showing the end of the chapter Essay Example For Students

Showing the end of the chapter Essay Danforth is first introduced to us in this section, which has been chosen for us to analyse when Proctor leaps on Abigail violently, to react with this I would jump out of my seat and hammer my first, firmly on a desk in front of me. I would frown and look astonished because this is what the stage directions tell me to do, Danforth, astonished. When I say, What are you about, I would shout it very loudly making sure my voice sounds overpowering, commanding and authoritative I would yell this because the stage direction states, cries and I interpret this as louder than just a shout. When Proctor calls Abigail a whore I would immediately react and point my finger at Proctor, I would frown and look down at Proctor. I would shake my head in complete horror. I must react in a confused and bewildered way because Arthur Miller gave me the impression that Danforth had never experienced with anyone so rude and verbal: Man! Man what do you- When I recite this line I would say the first Man quietly and shout the second man with rage to make it clear who was boss. I would express my absolute rage by Proctors actions by waving my hands sharply; I would do this because Danforth asks a question, What do you- and it seems apparent that Danforth is not sure how to react in this situation and by waving his hands about it shows that the situation is not under control. To show Danforths amazement, dumbfounded I would rise from my seat and shake my head in dismay. When Danforth says, you will prove this! This will not pass! I would point my finger at Proctor sternly as the sentence comes across as being very commanding and strict. At this point it is clear that Danforth gains his authority back over the court because the line, you will prove this! This will not pass! is very strict I would say it in a strict and meaningful way so that Proctor would not be able to answer back. When Proctor recites his long paragraph and tries to, keep himself from weeping, I would stare at him not letting my eyes wander anywhere else, by doing this I would show the audience that I know that Proctor is hiding something and it would make the whole plot a lot more interesting. Throughout the whole of the speech I would leaf forward onto the desk in front of me and rest my chin on my clenched fist, making sure I n ever missed a single word proctor said. I would do this because after the speech the stage directions state: blanched, in horror turning to Abigail, this gives me the impression that Danforth listened to every word of what Proctor had to say and that he was very interested in it so by posing in this way it would show this. Referring to the same stage directions it is clear that Danforth is taken back by proctors speech but realises Abigail will completely disagree, I would look at Abigail suddenly turning by neck sharply and staring into her eyes deeply, I would then say, You deny every scrap of this, in a way which practically tells her that she does.